Organizacyjne zróżnicowanie gospodarki rynkowej a rola spółdzielni i przedsiębiorstw społecznych: apel o pluralizm ekonomiczny
Organisational variety in market economies and the role of co-operative and social enterprises: a plea for economic pluralism

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Carlo Borzaga, Sara Depedri, Ermanno Tortia 

Prof. Carlo Borzaga
Faculty of Economics and Management
University of Trento
Via Inama 5, I 38100 Trento
carlo.borzaga(at)unitn.it

Prof. Ermanno Tortia
Department of Economics and Management
University of Trento
Via Inama 5 - I 38100 Trento
e-mail: ermanno.tortia(at)unitn.it

Sara Depedri
Department of Sociology and Social Research
Via Verdi, 26 - 38122 Trento
e-mail: sara.depedri(at)unitn.it

SŁOWA KLUCZOWE

ekonomia społeczna, przedsiębiorstwa społeczne, spółdzielnie, gospodarka rynkowa

KEYWORDS

social economy, social enterprises, co-operatives, market economy

STRESZCZENIE

Dominujące dotychczas podejścia ekonomiczne w sposób lekceważący i marginalny traktowały rolę spółdzielni i przedsiębiorstw społecznych we współczesnej gospodarce rynkowej. Niewielka uwaga przywiązywana do tego zjawiska wynika z ograniczonej stosowalności analizy przypadku spółdzielni i przedsiębiorstw społecznych do dwóch podstawowych założeń ekonomii głównego nurtu: egoistycznych interesów jednostek i maksymalizacji zysku jako jedynego możliwego celu funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa. Niezgodność między założeniami teoretycznymi a dowodami empirycznymi prowadzi do niedoceniania potencjału wzrostu oraz wagi i roli odgrywanej przez spółdzielnie i przedsiębiorstwa społeczne. Wyjaśnienia trwałości i wzrostu tych typów organizacji nie dostarcza również teoria instytucjonalna. Uważamy zatem, że należy rozszerzyć założenia głównych modeli teoretycznych, aby postrzegać przedsiębiorstwa jako mechanizmy koordynacji działalności gospodarczej, i aby interesariusze takich firm kierowali się wielością motywacji i ujawniali zróżnicowane preferencje. W celu zarządzania kompleksowością motywacyjną i behawioralną, spółdzielnie i przedsiębiorstwa społeczne tworzą specyficzne procedury organizacyjne. W konsekwencji ich cele nie są jednoznaczne: mogą odwoływać się do indywidualnego wzrostu zysku, korzyści wzajemnych, a także korzyści publicznych opartych na preferencjach altruistycznych.

ABSTRACT

In the article the authors analyse, the dominant to date economic approaches have downplayed and marginalised the role of co-operative and social enterprises in contemporary market economies. This insufficient attention derives from the limited applicability to the case of co-operative and social enterprises of two of the main assumptions of orthodox microeconomic theory: the presence of self-interested individuals and profit-maximisation as the only possible firm objective. The mismatch between theoretical assumptions and empirical evidence has led to the underestimation of the growth potential, weight and role of co-operative and social enterprises. An explanation for the persistence and growth of these organisational types has not been provided by institutionalism either. Thus, the authors maintain that the assumptions of the main theoretical models must be enlarged to consider firms as coordination mechanisms of economic activities, whose stakeholders are driven by a plurality of motivations and display complex preferences. In order to mange motivational and behavioural complexity, co-operative and social enterprises develop specific organisational routines. Consistently, their objectives are not univocal: they can contemplate private appropriation, mutual benefit goals and public benefit aims supported by altruistic preferences.

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SUGEROWANE CYTOWANIE / SUGGESTED CITATION

Borzaga C., Tortia E., Depedri S. [2013], Organizacyjne zróżnicowanie gospodarki rynkowej a rola spółdzielni i przedsiębiorstw społecznych: apel o pluralizm ekonomiczny, "Ekonomia Społeczna", nr 3, s. 165-177.